In a major and controversial legislative move, the Lok Sabha has passed the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 with a voice vote, triggering nationwide debate and protests. The Bill, introduced by Union Minister Virendra Kumar, amends the earlier 2019 law and significantly changes how transgender identity is defined and recognised in India.

The new amendment focuses on redefining who qualifies as a transgender person under the law. According to the revised definition, the term will now include specific socio-cultural identities such as kinner, hijra, aravani, jogta, eunuchs, and individuals with intersex variations or congenital biological conditions related to sex characteristics. However, one of the most debated changes is the exclusion of individuals who identify as transgender based on self-perception. The amendment removes provisions from the earlier law that allowed self-identification, making the definition more restrictive.

The Bill also introduces changes to the certification process. Under the new rules, a transgender person will need to obtain a certificate of identity from the District Magistrate. This will now require verification based on recommendations from a designated authority and, if necessary, consultation with medical experts. This marks a shift from earlier provisions, which were seen as more flexible regarding self-identification.

The government has defended the Bill, stating that its legislative intent is to create a focused protection system for those who face severe social exclusion due to biological reasons beyond their control. Officials argue that the amendment aims to provide targeted support and a structured framework for welfare and rights protection.

However, the Bill has sparked strong criticism from activists and opposition leaders. Members of the transgender community have protested across the country, claiming that the new definition could erase identities and limit rights. Critics argue that removing self-identification undermines dignity and personal freedom.

Senior leader Priyanka Gandhi Vadra also expressed disappointment, stating that the Bill should have been sent to a parliamentary standing committee for wider consultation. She said the community feels excluded from the decision-making process and called the move unfair.

The Bill, first introduced on March 14, has now cleared the Lok Sabha and is expected to move forward in the legislative process. As the debate intensifies, the key question remains whether the new law will strengthen protections or deepen concerns over identity and rights in India.